Objet à fonctionnement symbolique

Object Functioning Symbolically

Shoe and Glass of Milk

© Salvador Dalí, Fundació Gala-Salvador Dalí, VEGAP, Figueres, 2019

Cat. no. OE 1

Objet à fonctionnement symbolique

Object Functioning Symbolically

Shoe and Glass of Milk

Unique Original Work

Description

Date:
1931
Technique:
Assemblage
Dimensions:
Unknown
Location:
Unknown

This is almost certainly the first surrealistic object created by Dalí. He himself classified it as an object functioning symbolically, a category name that on this occasion also gives the work its title. Dalí presented this Surrealist object in 1931, in issue number 3 of Le Surréalisme au service de la révolution, where he also identifies it as Shoe and Glass of Milk: ‘A woman’s shoe, inside of which a glass of warm milk has been placed, in the centre of a soft paste in the colour of excrement. The mechanism consists of the dipping in the milk of a sugar lump, on which there is a drawing of a shoe, so that the dissolving of the sugar, and consequently of the image of the shoe, may be observed. Several accessories (pubic hairs glued to a sugar lump, an erotic little photograph) complete the object, which is accompanied by a box of spare sugar lumps and a special spoon used for stirring lead pellets inside the shoe.’ The photograph published next to the text is still the only testimony that allows this work to be identified.

Bibliography

  1. Salvador Dalí, "Objets surréalistes", Le surréalisme au service de la révolution, num. 3, 31/12/1931, Paris, pp. 16-17, ill.
  2. "Diez y seis páginas de reproducciones", Arte, año II, nº II, 1933, Madrid, p. [35], ill.
  3. Petite anthologie poétique du surréalisme, Jeanne Bucher, Paris, 1934, between pp. 48-49, ill.
  4. Vilhem Bjerke-Petersen, Surrealismen : livsanskuelse, livsudfoldelse, kunst, Illums bog-afdeling, København [Copenhague], [1934], p. 93, ill.
  5. Salvador Dalí, La Conquête de l'irrationnel, Éditions Surréalistes, Paris, 1935, fig. 25, ill.
  6. Salvador Dalí, Conquest of the irrational, Julien Levy, New York, 1935, fig. 25, ill.
  7. Dictionnaire abrégé du surréalisme, Galerie Beaux-Arts, Paris, 1938, p. 45, ill.
  8. Conroy Maddox, "The Object in Surrealism", London Bulletin, nos. 18-20, 06/1940, London, p. 41
  9. Salvador Dalí, The Secret Life of Salvador Dalí, Dial Press, New York, 1942, p. [87], ill.
  10. Rafael Santos Torroella, "Genio y figura del surrealismo", Cobalto. Arte antiguo y moderno, vol. II, Cuaderno especial: "Surrealismo" , 15/07/1948, Barcelona, p. 14, ill.
  11. Salvador Dalí, La Vie secrète de Salvador Dalí, La Table Ronde, Paris, 1952, p. [96], ill.
  12. Marino Gómez-Santos, Mundo aparte, Aguilar, Madrid, 1960, p. 91
  13. Luis Romero, "Dalinismo", La Vanguardia Española, 20/10/1963, Barcelona, p. [43], ill.
  14. "Playboy interview: Salvador Dali", Playboy, vol. 11, no. 7, 07/1964, Chicago, IL, p. 46
  15. William S. Rubin, Dada and surrealist art, Harry N. Abrams, New York, [1968], p. 269, ill.
  16. Robert Descharnes, Salvador Dalí, Nouvelles Editions Françaises, Paris, 1973, p. 62, ill.
  17. Robert Descharnes, Salvador Dalí, M. DuMont Schauberg, Köln, 1974, p. 63, ill.
  18. Le Surréalisme au service de la révolution, Jean-Michel Place, Paris, 1976, pp. 16-17, [190], ill.
  19. William S. Rubin, Art Dada et Surrealiste, Seghers, Paris, [1976], pp. 263, 269, 478, ill.
  20. Robert Benayoun, Erotique du surréalisme, Jean-Jacques Pauvert, [Paris], 1978, p. 81, ill., detail
  21. Salvador Dalí, Il Mito tragico dell'Angelus de Millet, Gabriele Mazzotta, Milano, 1978, p. [112], ill.
  22. Luis Romero, Dalí, Polígrafa, Barcelona, 1979, pp. 304, 355, ill.
  23. Salvador Dalí: rétrospective, 1920-1980, Centre Georges Pompidou, Musée National d'Art moderne, Paris, 1979, p. 219, ill.
  24. Salvador Dalí, Oui 1 : la révolution paranoïaque-critique, Denoël, Gonthier, Paris, 1979, between pp. 112-113, ill.
  25. André Breton, Le Surréalisme et la peinture, Gallimard, [París], 1979, p. 277, ill.
  26. Petit journal Salvador Dalí, Centre Georges Pompidou, [París], 1979, p. 9, ill.
  27. Salvador Dalí: retrospektive, 1920-1980, Prestel, München, 1980, pp. 219-220, ill.
  28. Gaëtan Picon, Diario del surrealismo, Skira, Destino, Genève, [Barcelona], 1981, p. [151], ill.
  29. Dawn Ades, Dalí and surrealism, Harper & Row, New York, 1982, p. [155], ill.
  30. Dawn Ades, Dalí, Thames and Hudson, London, 1982, p. [155], ill.
  31. Dalí i els llibres, Generalitat de Catalunya. Departament de Cultura, Barcelona, 1982, p. 37, ill.
  32. Gaëtan Picon, Le Surréalisme : 1919 - 1939, Skira, Genève, 1983, p. [151], ill.
  33. Pierre Ajame, La Double de vie de Salvador Dali, Ramsay, Paris, 1984, pp. 68, 94
  34. Robert Descharnes, Dalí, l'oeuvre et l'homme, Edita, Lausanne, 1984, p. 151, ill.
  35. Robert Descharnes, Dalí, the work, the man: 1910-1933, Kodansha, [Tòquio], 1984, p. 151, ill.
  36. Robert Descharnes, Dalí : la obra y el hombre, Tusquets, Edita, Barcelona, Lausanne, 1984, p. 151, ill.
  37. Salvador Dalí, The Tragic myth of Millet's Angelus, The Salvador Dali Museum, St Petersburg, 1986, p. [82], ill.
  38. Franco Passoni, A. Reynolds Morse, Albert Field, Dalí nella terza dimensione, Master Fine Art Gallery, Milano, 1986, p. 17, ill.
  39. Salvador Dalí, Millet Angelusának tragikus mítosza, Corvina, Budapest, 1986, p. [78], ill.
  40. Guillermo Carnero, Las Armas abisinias, Anthropos, Barcelona, 1989, lam. XXVI, p. 414, ill.
  41. El Objeto surrealista en España, Museo de Teruel, Fundació Caixa de Barcelona, Teruel, [Barcelona], 1990, p. 14, ill.
  42. L'Objecte surrealista a Espanya, Diputació Provincial de Teruel, Fundació Caixa de Barcelona, Teruel, Barcelona, 1990, p. 14, ill.
  43. André Breton, la beauté convulsive, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, 1991, p. 204
  44. André Breton, Paul Éluard, Dictionnaire abrégé du surréalisme, José Corti, [París], 1991, p. 45, ill.
  45. Briony Fer, David Batchelor, Paul Wood, Realism, rationalism, surrealism : art between the wars, Yale University Press in association with the Open University, New Haven & London, 1993, pp. 224-225, ill.
  46. ¿Buñuel!, Auge des Jahrhunderts, Kunst-und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn, 1994, p. 177, ill.
  47. Marco Di Capua, Dalí, Librairie Gründ, Paris, 1994, p. 22, ill.
  48. Fetishism, visualising power and desire, The South Bank Centre, The Royal Pavillion, Art Gallery and Museums, Lund Humphries, London, Brighton, London, 1995, p. 74, ill., indirect image
  49. ¿Buñuel!, la mirada del siglo, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes, Madrid, México, Distrito Federal, 1996, p. 135, ill.
  50. Jean-Paul Clebert, Dictionnaire du surréalisme, Seuil, [París], 1996, p. 416
  51. Haim Finkelstein, Salvador Dalí's art and writing, 1927-1942 : the metamorphoses of Narcissus, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996, pp. 134, 165, 169, 290, 293, ill.
  52. El Objeto surrealista, IVAM Centre Julio González, Generalitat Valenciana. Conselleria de Cultura, Educació i Ciència, [València], 1997, pp. 56, 60
  53. Ian Gibson, The Shameful life of Salvador Dalí, Faber and Faber, London, 1997, p. 292
  54. Briony Fer, David Batchelor, Paul Wood, Realismo, racionalismo, surrealismo : el arte entreguerras, Akal, Madrid, 1999, pp. 228-229, ill.
  55. Masterpieces of surrealism, Salvador Dalí Museum, St. Petersburg, Florida, 2000, p. 29, ill.
  56. Christopher Green, Art in France : 1900- 1940, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2000, p. 132, ill.
  57. André Breton, Le Surréalisme et la peinture, Gallimard, [Paris], 2002, p. 356, ill.
  58. Marco Di Capua, Salvador Dalí : la vita e l'opera, Mondadori Electa, Milano, 2002, p. 22, ill.
  59. André Breton, Paul Éluard, Diccionario abreviado del surrealismo, Siruela, Madrid, 2003, p. 131
  60. Ricard Mas Peinado, Universdalí, Lunwerg, Barcelona, Madrid, 2003, pp. 229, 314-315
  61. Salvador Dalí, Obra completa : Textos autobiogràfics 1, Destino, Fundació Gala-Salvador Dalí, Barcelona, [Figueres], 2003, between pp. 400-401, ill.
  62. Robert Descharnes, Nicolas Descharnes, Dalí : le dur et le mou : sortilège et magie des formes, sculptures et objets, Eccart, [Azay le Rideau], 2003, p. 24, ill.
  63. Marco Di Capua, Salvador Dalí : su vida, su obra, Carroggio, Barcelona, 2003, p. 22, ill.
  64. Francisco Javier San Martín, Dalí-Duchamp : una fraternidad oculta, Alianza, Madrid, 2004, p. 114
  65. Dalí, Bompiani, [Milà], 2004, p. 158, ill.
  66. Michel Nuridsany, Dalí, Flammarion, Paris, 2004, p. 353
  67. Emmanuel Guigon, L'Objet surréaliste, Jean-Michel Place, Paris, 2005, pp. 48, 53, 167-168, ill.
  68. Dalí, Rizzoli, New York, 2005, p. 158, ill.
  69. Salvador Dalí, Obra completa : Assaigs 1, Destino, Fundació Gala-Salvador Dalí, Barcelona, [Figueres], 2005, pp. 226, 230-231
  70. Salvador Dalí, Obra completa : Assaigs 2, Destino, Fundació Gala-Salvador Dalí, Barcelona, [Figueres], 2005, p. 472
  71. Vicent Santamaria de Mingo, El Pensament de Salvador Dalí en el llindar dels anys trenta, Publicacions de la Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, 2005, pp. 264-265, ill.
  72. Salvador Dalí, Obra completa : Entrevistes, Destino, Fundació Gala-Salvador Dalí, Barcelona, [Figueres], 2006, pp. 846, 1519
  73. The Sources of surrealism, Lund Humphries, Aldershot, Hampshire ; Burlington, VT, 2006, pp. 63, 689, ill.
  74. Guillermo Carnero, Salvador Dalí y otros estudios sobre arte y vanguardia, Institució Alfons el Magnànim - Diputació de València, [València], 2007, pp. 41, 43
  75. L'Objecte català a la llum del surrealisme, Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2007, p. 61, ill.
  76. Elliott H. King, Dalí, surrealism and cinema, Kamera Books, Harpenden, 2007, p. 39
  77. Magical objects : things and beyond, Galda & Wilch, Glienicke (Berlin), Madison (Wisconsin), 2007, p. 11
  78. Modern sculpture reader, Henry Moore Institute, Leeds, 2007, p. 105
  79. Johanna Malt, Obscure objects of desire : surrealism, fetishism, and politics, Oxford University Press, New York, 2008, pp. 116-117
  80. Juan Antonio Ramírez, El Objeto y el aura : (des)orden visual del arte moderno, Akal, Madrid, 2009, p. 123, ill.
  81. Joan Casellas, "Dalí: artiste de l'action et performeur", Inter, art actuel, num. 101, Winter 2009, Québec, p. 9
  82. Keith Aspley, Historical dictionary of surrealism, The Scarecrow Press, Lanham, 2010, pp. 148, 354
  83. William Jeffett, Dalí doubled : from surrealism to the self : a new critical view of Dalí, The Dalí Museum, St. Petersburg, 2010, p. 94, ill.
  84. Julia Pine, "Breaking Dalinian Bread: On Consuming the Anthropomorphic, Performative, Ferocious, and Eucharistic Loaves of Salvador Dali", Invisible Culture. An Electronic Journal for Visual Culture, Issue 14: Aesthetes and Eaters - Food and the Arts , 12/2010, p. 88. http://ivc.lib.rochester.edu/breaking-dalinian-bread-on-consuming-the-anthropomorphic-performative-ferocious-and-eucharistic-loaves-of-salvador-dali/
  85. The Small utopia : ars multiplicata, Fondazione Prada, Milano, 2012, p. 253
  86. Shûzô Takigushi, Dalí : Tokio, 1939, Notari, Genève, 2012, fig. 47, ill., indirect image
  87. William Jeffett, Juan José Lahuerta, Picasso-Dalí, Dalí-Picasso, Museu Picasso, Salvador Dalí Museum, Barcelona, Sant Petersburg, 2014, p. 215, ill., indirect image
  88. Anna Vives, Identidad en tiempos de vanguardia : narcisismo, genio y violencia en la obra de Salvador Dalí y Federico García Lorca, Peter Lang, Bern, 2015, p. 122
  89. Montse Aguer, Jean-Michel Bouhours, Laura Bartolomé, Bust de dona retrospectiu 1933/1976-1977, Fundació Gala-Salvador Dalí, Figueres, 2015, p. 17, ill.
  90. Montse Aguer, Jean-Michel Bouhours, Laura Bartolomé, Busto de mujer retrospectivo 1933/1976-1977, Fundació Gala-Salvador Dalí, Figueres, 2015, p. 18, ill.
  91. Montse Aguer, Jean-Michel Bouhours, Laura Bartolomé, Buste de femme rétrospectif 1933/1976-1977, Fundació Gala-Salvador Dalí, Figueres, 2015, p. 18, ill.
  92. Montse Aguer, Jean-Michel Bouhours, Laura Bartolomé, Retrospective bust of a woman 1933/1976-1977, Fundació Gala-Salvador Dalí, Figueres, 2015, p. 17, ill.
  93. Dawn Ades, Writings on art and anti-art, Ridinghouse, London, 2015, pp. 254, 271, ill., indirect image
  94. Torsten Otte, Salvador Dalí & Andy Warhol : encounters in New York and beyond, Scheidegger & Spiess, Zürich, 2016, p. 218
  95. Dalí / Duchamp, Royal Academy of Arts, The Dalí Museum, London, St. Petersburg, FL, 2017, p. 114

Reproduction Rights

Contact